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This image summarises the concepts of Episodes 15 and 16, including the example we introduced in Episode 15.

A pdf copy of the image is
here.
References- D. Hoffman (2022). The Case against Reality. Norton & Company.
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References- D. Huff, I. Geis (1993). How to Lie with Statistics, Reissue edition. W.W. Norton & Company.
This image summarises the discussion about the sample space, the event space (which is assumed to be a sigma-algebra on the sample space), and the probability measure. I also provide the example we have seen in the podcast (mainly Episode 14).

You can find the
pdf here.
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This image shows the triplets, illustrating the hierarchy of harm when the nature of the event is fixed, while allowing severity, distribution, and timing to vary.
It is worth noting that describing HHH as "riskier" than HMH is somewhat of an oversimplification for the sake of clarity. A more precise term might be "worse," though this would require adopting an axiological perspective. For now, however, we will use this terminology for simplicity.

You can find the
pdf here.